Using Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Research Articles

Simultaneous direct determination of Glyphosate and AMPA in the ambient air and inhalation risk assessment in a Mediterranean Region (Spain)

A new analytical strategy for the direct determination in ambient air by LC-MS/MS of glyphosate (Gly) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) without a derivatization step was developed and validated. Sample treatment was performed using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and HCl: CH3OH (90:10, v/v)) as a solvent extractor. The developed methodology showed recoveries ranging from 93.3 % to 103.9 % for Gly and from 101.0 % to 109.4 % for AMPA with LOQs of 8.2 pg m−3 for both compounds when 730 m3 of air was sampled. The strategy was applied to the analysis of 35 air samples collected in four different areas. This is the first study which investigates the presence of Gly and AMPA in ambient air in Spain. The obtained results showed that Gly was detected in 94 % of the analysed samples, whereas AMPA was not detected. Gly concentrations oscillated from 20.23 pg m−3 to 629.95 pg m−3 with a median of 83.09 pg m−3.This work is also pioneering in performing Gly inhalation risk assessment in Spain. Daily inhalation exposure (DIE) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated to assess the obtained data. Using maximum concentrations, obtained DIE was 1.07 E−07 mg kg−1 b. w. day−1 in adults and 5.04 E−07 mg kg−1 b. w. day−1 in children. The obtained HQ values were lower than 1 in all cases, indicating that low health risk due to Gly inhalation exposure was expected for the assessed population. Furthermore, cancer risk for Gly was also lower than the concern level (1.0 E−06).

Effect of methanol solvent concentration on the extraction of bioactive compounds using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) from Spirulina platensis

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that contains bioactive compounds as a source of antioxidants. Methanol is a polar solvent; it has similarities to the content of the bioactive compound Spirulina platensis, which is polar. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of methanol solvent (50%, 70%, 96%) using UAE on the content of bioactive antioxidant compounds from Spirulina platensis. The parameters observed were yield, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and GC-MS. The results showed that the difference in the concentration of methanol solvent using UAE significantly affected the antioxidant activity of the Spirulina platensis extract. The highest antioxidant activity was found in Spirulina platensis extract with 50% methanol solvent concentration using UAE with an average inhibition value of 91.81%. The yield value from the Spirulina platensis extract with a 50% methanol concentration was 9.3%. The qualitative phytochemical screening test carried out on Spirulina platensis extract with 50% methanol solvent using UAE showed positive results for flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins and phenols. GC-MS analysis on Spirulina platensis with 50% methanol as a solvent using UAE resulted in 5 types of the most dominant compounds, pentadecanoic acid, 9-Ooctadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanal, and 1- nonadecene.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction brings high-yield polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers with cosmetic potential

The purpose of this work was to ameliorate the yield of polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers (PKFs) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and to explore the structural features and cosmetic potential of PKFs obtained under the optimized UAE. According to response surface methodology, the optimal UAE for PKFs were liquid-to-solid ratio of 59: 1 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 404 W, time of 48 min, and temperature of 66℃, under which the yield of PKFs reached 26.8 ± 1.76 %, 2.6-folds higher than hot-water extraction. By comparing the microstructures, it can be seen that ultrasonication exerted great damage on Kangxian flowers to promote the outflow of PKFs. Various analyses revealed that the PKFs extracted with UAE were acidic polysaccharides with relatively lower molecular weights of 0.92 – 76.9 kDa, negatively charged potential of −16.3 mV, and arabinose the dominant monosaccharide followed by galactose. These structural features conferred PKFs pronounced antioxidant, moistureabsorptionandretentionproperties, showing great potential for cosmetic application.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Applewood Polyphenols at Lab and Pilot Scales.

This study focused on the extraction of polyphenols from applewood using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). First, the influence of solvent composition and mass-volume (m:v) ratio on the extraction yield was studied at a lab scale (200 mL). Overall, a ratio of 1:33 (m:v) resulted in a higher yield of polyphenols. Furthermore, both a higher yield of polyphenols and higher antioxidant capacity were detected in the extracts produced in the presence of a 30 v/v % ethanol mixture compared to pure water; a further increase in ethanol did not improve the extraction yield. Second, under the optimal conditions (30 v/v % ethanol-water; 1:33 and 1:20 (m:v)), the UAE technique was applied at a pilot scale (100 L). At 1:33 (m:v), the polyphenol yield was lower at the pilot scale compared to the lab scale; by contrast, at 1:20 (m:v), production at the pilot scale resulted in a higher yield compared to the lab scale. To identify and quantify individual polyphenols, HPLC-PDA analyses were performed. Phloridzin appears to be the major identified compound. Finally, the UAE process was compared to a conventional solid-liquid extraction technique, showing that a significantly higher yield could be obtained with UAE.

Sustainable Carrageenan/Nanocomposite Films Incorporated with Optimized Zingiber officinale Extracts for Active Packaging Systems

AbstractOptimized Bentong ginger (BG) extract using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) was incorporated in hybrid carrageenan/nanocomposite biopolymers for active packaging films. The design of experiments based on central composite design was applied for the study of the operating parameters (amplitude, sonication time, and solvent concentration) of UAE in the recovery of phenolic compounds from BG. Optimized extracts were analyzed for the content of 6‐gingerols in liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and formulated in carrageenan/nanocellulose hybrid films for active packaging applications. The mechanical properties of the films and release behavior of antioxidant compounds into food simulants were investigated. The optimized UAE BG extract was found efficacious as an antioxidant agent in active packaging.

The extraction of phytol from Hydrilla verticillata using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), the analysis of antibacterial activity, and the utilization of residual extract for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production

The extraction of phytol from Hydrilla verticillata using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), the analysis of antibacterial activity, and the utilization of residual extract for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production

Extraction, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Leaves.

Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) are valuable resources rich in phytochemicals, especially in flavonoids, but they are rarely exploited and utilized. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the waste of XLs resources (usually used as agricultural waste) and extract the high added value of active ingredients from XLs. The extraction of flavonoids from XLs using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was reported. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to adopt different ultrasonic conditions such as ethanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio, and ultrasonic power. In addition, the chemical structures were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and HPLC. Response surface analysis indicated the optimal level of ethanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio, and ultrasonic power as 71.49%, 13.87 mL/g, and 157.49 W respectively for the maximum response of total flavonoids (5.52 ± 0.23%), which fitted well with the predicted value (5.68 ± 0.17%). In addition, the extracts from XLs exhibited potent antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS). The potent antioxidant activity of flavonoids from XLs is beneficial for their application in the food and drug industry, which will facilitate the rise of the added value of the flavonoids from XLs. Myricetin, rutin, and epicatechin, which may be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the extracts from XLs, were confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC analysis. The extracted flavonoids can be used as a natural antioxidant additive to food products.

Sustainable extraction of phenolics and antioxidant activities from Prinsepia utilis byproducts for alleviating aging and oxidative stress

Phytobased bioactive compounds are herbal scavengers and beneficial in skin disorders, aging and oxidative damage. Himalayan Cherry (Prinsepia utilis) is a good source of fatty acids; however, screening and optimization of polyphenolics in leftover waste of seeds after oil extraction have not been studied. The present study focuses on the optimization of antioxidant polyphenolics of leftover oil residue of Prinsepia utilis. The leftover oil residue optimized through Response Surface Model (RSM) using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) with four-factors in Plackett-Burman (PBD) and three-factors in Central composite design (CCD). The model showed good fitness under optimum extraction conditions and total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant activity were closely fit with the model predicted values. HPLC-PDA analysis detects ten polyphenolic compounds under optimized extraction conditions. The anti-aging activity by tyrosinase and hyaluronidase indicated that extract is good in inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50-1.81 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and hyaluronidase (IC50-0.90 ± 0.03 mg/mL) enzyme. The extract prevented UV damage and showed good sun protection (SP) at value of 11.00 ± 0.03 at a dose of 1000 μg/mL. The study provides the potential use of leftover residue in water for obtaining antioxidant activity and alleviating oxidative stress, which will be beneficial in the prospect of phyto-nutrients at the Industrial level. Also, the method of extraction was used to promote green extraction, which can be sustainably used for harnessing the waste residue in developing byproducts such as nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals in a safer environment.

여주 초음파 추출물의 항산화, 항당뇨 및 항염 활성

We obtained polyphonol extracts from bitter melon containing various bioactive compounds to improve applicability as functional food materials. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of bitter melon extracts obtained using various extraction methods were compared. The extracts obtained using ethanol as the solvent had a higher TPC than extracts obtained using water. The extracts obtained using ethanol also had high antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities when performed using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) with ethanol. The extract obtained using probe type-UE with ethanol (PUE-E) exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity levels corresponding to 90% or more of acarbose (a diabetes treatment). An extract obtained using a bath type-UE with ethanol (BUE-E) exhibited high NO inhibitory activity at all concentrations. Therefore, UE with ethanol is a very effective method for recovering polyphenol extracts from bitter melon with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, the polyphenol extracts obtained from bitter melon by UE with ethanol (especially PUE-E and BUE-E) have a high application potential as functional food materials.

Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis from Trichosporon shinodae yeast through circular economy: A greener approach

In the present study, crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, was supplemented to Trichosporon shinodae for higher lipid synthesis and further extracted (lipid) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Optimization of enzymatic transesterification (ET) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Central Composite Design (CCD) quadratic model of single-cell oil resulted in 90.03%(v/v) of maximum FAME's yield with methanol to oil ratio of 14.98, solvent to oil ratio of 0.270 in 12.52 h at 25.99 °C with 1.26%(v/v) initial water content. The developed model was significant, with an R2 value of 95.20% and an adj.R2 value of 91.97%. The developed RSM model was further utilized for optimization through the Modified Chaotic Invasive Weed Optimization (MC-IWO). The optimization results showed a maximum FAME's yield of 90.03% utilizing the MC-IWO parameters of 5 seeds with a 6% initial standard deviation using an exponent value of 2 with a population size of 15 in 56 generations. FAME's characterization of T. shinodae has revealed 58.8% (v/v) of saturated FAME's and 41.2% (v/v) of FAME's predominantly with oleic acid methyl ester content (38%,v/v). Fuel properties of T. shinodae showed kinematic viscosity of 3.9–4.4 mm2/s, iodine value (113–115 g I2/100 g), cetane index (46–48), saponification value (203–206 mg/KOH), acid value (1.2–1.4 mg KOH/g) and higher heating value (39–40 MJ/kg). Blending experiments of T. shinodae biodiesel with conventional petroleum showed calorific values of B5, B20 and B100 were 48.63 MJ/kg, 43.45 MJ/kg and 38.35 MJ/kg, respectively. This study showed the potential of T. shinodae biodiesel, which can be used either as an additive or as a blend of conventional fuels.

Pengaruh waktu ekstraksi menggunakan ultrasonic assisted extraction terhadap antosianin jantung pisang (Musa spp)

Banana blossom is a source of anthocyanin that is potentially utilized as natural dyes in the food industry. Anthocyanin from banana blossom can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) and maceration method. Extraction using ultrasonic causes cavitation effect thereby provide an efficiency of extraction time if compared with maceration method. This study aimed to determine the effect of the duration of sonication treatment on total anthocyanin in banana blossom extract. Experimental design applied in this research is randomized block design with five treatments: maceration for 24 hours, sonication: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. Sonication was carried out at 40 kHz. Parameters determined were anthocyanin content, color (L*, a*, b*), morphological structure and total soluble solid. The results showed that sonication time did not significantly affect the total anthocyanin of banana blossom extract. Total anthocyanin of banana blossom extract with sonication time treatment ranged from 86.32 mg/L to 87.31 mg/L. The selected treatment for banana blossom extraction using UAE was 5 minutes sonication. This treatment resulted in a total anthocyanin concentration of 87.31 mg/L, which has comparable to the 24 hours maceration method. The color parameter (L*, a*, b*) and total soluble solid of the banana blossom extract with 5 minutes sonication was 28.67, 12.54, 17.92 and 8.32 %Brix, respectively. Meanwhile, the morphological structure showed formation of pores on the surface of banana blossom cells.

Quality of Tobacco Seed Oil from <i>Voor-Oogst</i> Variety Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction

Tobacco seed of the Voor-oogst variety has a high oil content and is harvested as waste from tobacco plantations, but it has not been utilised optimally. The purpose of this research was to obtain the best quality oil from tobacco seed using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Oil was extracted from tobacco seeds using ultrasonic waves with various extraction times (30, 60, and 90 minutes) and n-hexane solvent volume (100, 125, and 150 mL). The quality of the oil was determined based on the moisture content, acid number, and saponification number. An analysis using ANOVA was performed to identify the best quality of oil statistically. The highest yield from the extraction process was 23.38% oil from 90 minutes of extraction treatment and 150 mL of solvent volume. The extraction treatment using n-hexane solvent volumes of 125 and 150 mL had a similar yield based on ANOVA. The main fatty acid of tobacco oil was linoleic acid (54.10%), oleic acid (8.18%), palmitic acid (7.92%), and stearic acid (2.10%). Based on the high linoleic content, the Voor-oogst variety of tobacco seed oil has the potential to be applied in the fields of cosmetics and food supply.

Extraction Optimization of Pigeon Pea Seed Protein and Yield Using Response Surface Methodology

Pigeon Pea (Casanus Cajan L.) is one of the local foods in South Sulawesi. Pigeon pea seeds contain protein that the body can absorb. This study aims to determine the optimum operating conditions for extracting pigeon pea on protein and yield using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used by considering three variables, time (30, 40, and 50 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60oC), and methanol concentration (50, 70, and 90%). The experiment results show that yield ranges from 8.85663% to 31.4766% and 46.1538 mg/l to 15584.6 mg/l. Response variables were computed and used to create the contour plot graphs. The optimum operating conditions for sonication extraction were a time of 44.760 minutes, a temperature of 60oC, and a 90% methanol concentration.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds in Black Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) from Vietnam using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) in black shallots (Allium ascalonicum) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The variables used in the process were extraction temperature (40-60oC), extraction time (60–80 min), ethanol concentration (30–70%) and power level (60–100%/600W). The results indicated that extraction temperature, extraction time, ethanol concentration and ultrasonic power level had an impact on TPC, TFC and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The optimum extraction conditions obtained from RSM were: extraction temperature of 53 oC, extraction time of 72 min, ethanol concentration of 48 % and ultrasonic power level of 84 %. The experimental values of TPC, TFC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 17.28 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g, 5.42 ± 0.08 mg QE/g and 75.35 ± 0.15%, respectively. 

Optimization of the Extraction of Total Phenols from Medicago sativa and Its Antioxidant Capacity.

The phenolic compounds from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are used as antioxidants and in native medicine. They play an indispensable role in defense and signal transduction of the plant under stress conditions. This exploration of the optimal extraction parameters of the total phenols from alfalfa by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was aimed at providing a theoretical basis for better utilization of the total phenols in alfalfa. In this study, the effects of solvent volume fraction (A), extraction time (B), solid-liquid ratio (C) and extraction temperature (D) on the total phenols content and the total antioxidant capacity of Medicago sativa L. WL363HQ after thrips infestation were determined through single-factor experiments. Additionally, the extraction conditions of total phenols were optimized by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the proposed model had a good fitting degree for total phenols extraction (R2 =0.9564). The total phenols extraction from WL363HQ had significant relationship with solid-liquid ratio (C) and extraction temperature (D) (P<0.05). The influence levels of the four factors on total phenols extraction were as follows: extraction temperature (D) > solid-liquid ratio (C)>acetone volume fraction (A)>extraction time (B). The optimum extraction conditions of total phenols from WL363HQ were 50 % acetone, solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 (g/mL), extraction time of 45 min and extraction temperature of 60 °C. The corresponding content and total antioxidant capacity under the optimized conditions were 15.76 mg g-1 and 28.79 μmol Trolox g-1 . These results provided a new extraction method of total phenols from alfalfa.

Development of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Conditions for the Optimal Yield of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties from Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia Citriodora) Leaves

Background: Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), is native to Australia and has a significant value as an aromatic herb and folk medicine. Recently, it has shown potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Objective: This study was designed to identify the most suitable safe solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle leaves and then apply response surface methodology (RSM) to develop the optimal conditions (time, temperature, and sonication power) for the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Methods: Five different solvents viz water, acetone, ethanol, acetone: water (50:50), and ethanol: water (50:50) were tested for extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from dried lemon myrtle leaves. A three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design was employed to elucidate the effect of sonication time, extraction temperature, and sonication power on the yields of total phenolics, antioxidant capacities, and major individual compounds (gallic acid and hesperetin). Results: The results showed that solvents have a significant impact on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle, and 50% acetone is the best solvent. Mathematical models were reliable for the prediction of optimal extraction conditions and the optimal conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, as well as gallic acid and hesperetin are 50 min, 60°C and sonication power of 250 W. Conclusion: These optimal conditions and 50% acetone in water (as solvent) are recommended to extract phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from lemon myrtle leaves as a functional food ingredient.

Application of crude natural enzymes for extraction of Wali seed [Brucea javanica (L) Merr]

Bruce javanica (L) Merr is a medicinally important plant, commonly known as Wali. The extract of its seed has various secondary metabolites responsible for its pharmacological properties. Unfortunately, the recent method of extraction lacks in the percentage of the yield and has disadvantages to the environment. Enzymatic extraction of bioactive compounds is a potential alternative. In this research, we use some crude natural enzymes that are amylase, protease (bromelain), and cellulase isolated from corn kernels, pineapple fruit, and beef rumen fluid, respectively. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of crude natural enzymes for the extraction of metabolite compounds in wali seed comparing with the solvent extraction method. For each of one gram of wali seed powder was extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method with solvent of (1) methanol; (2) ethanol 96%; (3) bromelain; (4) amylase; (5) cellulase; (6) bromelain+amylase; (7) bromelain+cellulase; (8) amylase+cellulase; (9) amylase+bromelain+cellulase. The extracts of (1) and (2) were then evaporated; while extracts of (3) to (9) were freeze-dried. The appearance of extracts (1) and (2) were bright-yellow viscous liquid; while extracts (3) to (9) were solid-milky powder. Cellulase increases the extraction yield up to 40% and 22% in comparison with methanol and ethanol, respectively. The semiquantitative analysis showed that methanol extracts the metabolites with the highest concentration but has the lowest amount of yield extract. However, cellulase showed the highest ability to extract metabolites tested. The flavonoid content extracted using cellulase enzymes resulted in an increase of 273% and 170% in comparison with methanol and ethanol, respectively. Thus, the use of crude cellulase enzyme isolated from beef rumen fluid is the best choice to extract wali seed among other enzymes and solvents used.

Effect of particle size of white pepper to yield and quality of oleoresin produced by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of particle size of white pepper to yield and quality of oleoresin produced using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. White pepper from Bangka Belitung and South Sulawesi were ground using a milling machine and sifted to produce white pepper powder with a particle size of 30, 60, and 100 mesh. The samples (200 g each) were dissolved in ethanol (1:4) and subjected to UAE method to obtain oleoresin. The UAE was carried out using an ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of 90% for 75 minutes. For comparison, the maceration extraction method was applied for 7 hours. The product of oleoresin was then subjected to vacuum evaporation to reduce ethanol solvent. The yield of oleoresin was calculated and the quality of oleoresin such color and piperine content was measured using colorimeter and GCMS, respectively. The results show that the particle size significantly affects the yield of oleoresin. The smallest particle size (100 mesh) gives the highest yield of oleoresin. The yield of oleoresin produced by UAE was not significantly different from maceration. The UAE method produced higher piperine content (7.51-11.91%) than the maceration extraction method (3.08-8.02%). The color of oleoresin produced by UAE method was similar to maceration.

Metabolite Fingerprinting Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. (E. palmifolia) is an Indonesian native plant that has the potential to be developed into phytopharmaca. The differences in growth locations are thought to cause variation in the content of metabolite compounds which affect differences in pharmacological activity. This study aims to determine the profile of metabolites E. palmifolia bulb from several regions in Indonesia. The samples were collected from six different locations, namely East Java, Central Java, West Java, East Borneo, Central Borneo, and South Borneo. Sample extraction was carried out using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with 96% ethanol. The analysis of the content of metabolites was carried out using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS with a stationary phase column C18 (Okta Decyl Silica), mobile phase mixture of formic acid /water 0.1/99.9 (v/v), and formic acid/acetonitrile 0,1/99,9 (v/v). The results of the analysis were interpreted using software Masslynx and continued with chemometric analysis using the method Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that there were differences in the content of the metabolite compounds in E. palmifolia bulb originating from six different regions.

Impact of pretreatment and atmosphere on quality of lipids extracted from cephalothorax of Pacific white shrimp by ultrasonic assisted process

Impacts of different pretreatment conditions and atmosphere on yield and oxidative stability of lipids from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cephalothorax using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) process were studied. Cephalothorax was subjected to vacuum-microwave (VM) heating prior to UAE using a mixture of isopropanol/n-hexane (1:1) as solvent. Nitrogen gas was flushed at two flow rates; low (2.15 l/min) and high (4.35 l/min) into the system during ultrasonication. Vacuum-microwave heating resulted in the increase of lipid yield and highest yield was observed in the samples extracted by a combination of VM and UAE. Tannic acid (TA) was incorporated into cephalothorax at three different levels (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) in combination with VM, followed by nitrogen flushing. Nitrogen flushing during ultrasonication process resulted in the increased oxidative stability of lipids as confirmed by low PV, TBARS and FFA. Furthermore, astaxanthin content in the lipid was found to be increased by aforementioned treatments.